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Skilled Worker vs Health & Care Worker vs Senior Specialist Worker

Three of the most-used UK work visa routes have different salary thresholds, fees, and benefits. This comparison helps employers and applicants choose the right route.

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FeatureSkilled WorkerHealth & Care WorkerSenior/Specialist Worker
Sponsorship needed
Minimum salary (April 2024)£38,700 or going rate (higher of)£23,200 + going rate test£48,500 or going rate
IHS surcharge£1,035/yearExempt (free)£1,035/year
Visa fee£769 (3 years, outside UK)£304-£490 depending on circumstances£769-£1,500 depending on length
Route to ILR (settlement)Yes after 5 years continuous residenceYes after 5 yearsNo — separate route required
Can switch from inside UK
Dependants allowedRestricted from 2024 — only senior roles
Maximum stayRenewable indefinitely (until ILR)Renewable indefinitely (until ILR)5 years (then leave UK for 12 months)
English language test required

Each route has specific occupation codes ("SOC codes") and going rates. The Health and Care Worker visa is significantly cheaper but care worker dependant rights were restricted from March 2024. Always check the current Immigration Rules.

Related guides

Skilled Worker Visa Overview

The Skilled Worker visa is the main route for people from outside the UK to work in the country. It replaced the Tier 2 (General) visa in December 2020 as part of the post-Brexit points-based immigration system. To be eligible, you generally need a job offer from a UK employer with a valid Skilled Worker sponsor licence, and your role and salary must meet the required thresholds.

9 min

Health and Care Worker Visa

The Health and Care Worker Visa is a sub-route of the Skilled Worker visa designed specifically for doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, and senior care workers taking up eligible roles with the NHS, an NHS-commissioned service provider, or an adult social care employer. It offers reduced fees and an immigration health surcharge exemption.

6 min

Senior or Specialist Worker Visa

The Senior or Specialist Worker Visa (formerly known as the Intra-Company Transfer or ICT visa) allows multinational businesses to transfer established senior managers or specialist employees from an overseas branch to a UK branch of the same organisation. It is a non-settlement route with a maximum stay of five years, or nine years for high earners.

7 min

Sponsor Licence for Employers

UK employers who want to hire workers from outside the UK (and outside the existing settled workforce) generally need a sponsor licence issued by the Home Office. Without a licence, you cannot issue Certificates of Sponsorship to prospective employees, meaning overseas workers cannot apply for a Skilled Worker visa to work for you. This guide explains the process and ongoing obligations.

8 min

Family Visa Minimum Income Requirement: 2024 Changes

On 11 April 2024 the Home Office raised the minimum income requirement for spouse and partner visas from £18,600 to £29,000 — the biggest single change to family migration since 2012. Further increases to £34,500 and then £38,700 were announced but their commencement has been suspended pending review. This guide explains who the new threshold affects, the transitional protections, and what to do if you cannot meet it.

10 min

Disclaimer

The information on this page was correct at the time of writing. Amounts, thresholds, and rules may change. Always check the latest official guidance.