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Breathing Space vs DRO vs IVA vs Bankruptcy vs SDRP

The right formal debt solution depends on your debt amount, your income, your assets, and your tolerance for the consequences. This comparison highlights the trade-offs.

Tip: scroll the table sideways to see all columns →

FeatureBreathing SpaceDROIVABankruptcySDRP
Maximum debtNo limit£50,000 (from June 2024)No limit (typically £15k+)No limitNo limit (planned £30k+)
Maximum monthly surplusNo limit£75/monthNegotiable but typically £100+No limitNo fixed limit
Maximum assetsNo limit£2,000 + £4,000 vehicleNo limit (debtors keep more)No limit (trustee can claim)Limit to be set
CostFreeFree (from April 2024)£3,000-£8,000 (paid from contributions)£680 application feePlanned to be free
Duration60 days (180 if Mental Health BS)12 months5-6 years typical12 months until automatic dischargeUp to 10 years
Credit file impactNo direct entry; individual creditors may note6 years from DRO date6 years from IVA date6 years from bankruptcy dateDuration of plan + 6 years
Affects ability to be director
StatusIn force since May 2021In forceIn forceIn forceNot yet commenced (planned)

Get free advice before choosing any formal solution: StepChange (0800 138 1111), National Debtline (0808 808 4000), or Citizens Advice. The right tool depends on full circumstances; this comparison is not a substitute for advice.

Related guides

Breathing Space (Debt Respite Scheme)

Breathing Space, formally known as the Debt Respite Scheme, gives people in problem debt a legal pause from most creditor action for 60 days. During this period, interest and charges on qualifying debts are frozen, and creditors cannot chase you, take you to court, or send bailiffs. The scheme was introduced in May 2021 and is available in England and Wales.

8 min

Debt Relief Orders

A Debt Relief Order (DRO) is a formal insolvency solution for people with relatively low levels of debt, minimal assets, and very low surplus income. When a DRO is granted, you enter a 12-month moratorium during which creditors cannot take action against you and interest is frozen. At the end of the 12 months, your qualifying debts are written off completely. A DRO can be a powerful fresh start — but it comes with conditions and restrictions.

10 min

Individual Voluntary Arrangements (IVAs)

An Individual Voluntary Arrangement (IVA) is a formal insolvency process that lets you reach a legally binding agreement with your creditors to pay back what you can afford over a fixed period — typically five years. At the end of the arrangement, any remaining debt covered by the IVA is written off.

6 min

Bankruptcy in the UK: The Basics

Bankruptcy is a formal insolvency process that can clear most of your unmanageable debts and give you a fresh financial start. In England and Wales, you apply online to the Insolvency Service, pay a £680 fee, and — if the application succeeds — are automatically discharged from most debts after 12 months.

6 min

Statutory Debt Repayment Plan (SDRP): Status and What It Will Offer

The Statutory Debt Repayment Plan (SDRP) is a planned formal debt-relief option that was provided for in the Financial Guidance and Claims Act 2018, but the regulations needed to bring it into force have repeatedly slipped. As of 2026 the SDRP is not yet operational. This guide explains what the SDRP will offer when it launches, why the timeline has slipped, and the formal options available right now.

5 min

Debt Relief Order Changes: The £90 Fee Removal and £50,000 Threshold

Debt Relief Orders are a formal insolvency solution for people with relatively low debts, limited assets, and minimal surplus income. Major changes in 2024 made DROs significantly more accessible: the £90 application fee was removed for new applications from 6 April 2024, and the debt threshold rose to £50,000 (from £30,000). This guide explains the new rules, who qualifies, and the consequences of a DRO.

9 min

Disclaimer

The information on this page was correct at the time of writing. Amounts, thresholds, and rules may change. Always check the latest official guidance.